RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze, evaluate, and characterize novel cement-based carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The three cement groups studied were gypsum (Gyp), and CMC/ACP-gypsum cement-based 5% (5% CAG) and 10% (10% CAG). The groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), setting time, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. The characterization results were analyzed qualitatively, but the data for setting time were analyzed using SPSS (p < 0.05). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were statistically analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare numerical (parametric) data between more than two separate groups followed by post hoc Tukey. RESULTS: FTIR showed phosphate groups indicate the presence of calcium phosphate in the form of amorphous (ACP) in the CMC/ACP, CMC/ACP post-milled powder, and CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG). XRD showed no difference in the diffraction spectra among the Gyp, 5% CAG, and 10% CAG groups. SEM images revealed that the CMC/ACP cement-based groups (5% CAG and 10% CAG) showed CMC/ACP cluster filled with hollow spaces between the gypsum crystals and aggregations surrounding the gypsum crystals. The CMC/ACP showed envelopes and attached to the crystalline structures of the gypsum. Setting times of 5% CAG and 10% CAG showed significant differences compared with Gyp (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The result of our study showed that CMC/ACP cement-based (5% CAG and 10% CAG) demonstrated amorphous characteristic, which can stabilize calcium ions and phosphate group (ACP). In addition, the modification of gypsum using CMC/ACP as cement-based extended the time of setting.
RESUMO
Objective: To analyze the Biodentine™ capability in guided tissue remineralization. Material and Methods: Four premolar with two cavities per tooth of 3 mm depth were demineralized with EDTA 17% in shaking incubator at 37°C temperature. After 7 days, the sample were washed with aquabidest then were soaked in 20 ml NaCl 1 M (pH 7.0) at 25°C temperature for 8 hours. The samples were divided into two groups: G1: The control group (cavity directly restored with composite resin); G2: Biodentine™ group (cavity with Biodentine™ as a base then restored with composite resin). All samples were stored in shaking incubator under PBS solution at 37°C temperature. SEM, EDX and TEM analysis were performed on the 7th and 14th day. Results: The 14th day Biodentine group had the best SEM remineralization feature with irregular dentine tubular features covered by density of mass. In the EDX analysis, the concentration of calcium ion of the Biodentine group was higher than the control group on the 7th day analysis (Biodentin™ 10.2167 and control 1.9667) and on the 14th day analysis (Biodentine™ 29.833 and Control 22.080). The Biodentine™ group and control group of the 7th and 14th day experienced significant increases in calcium ion concentration while the concentration of phosphate ion in the Biodentine™ and control group had a much lower value of calcium either on the 7th or 14th day. The TEM analysis of Biodentine™ group showed more intrafibrillar remineralization than the control group. The feature of intrafibrillar dentin remineralization is analyzed by looking at the density of black dots in collagen. Conclusion: Biodentine™ is able to trigger the process of remineralization by guided tissue remineralization.
